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Preservation of agricultural products in Japan logistics system
Quality of agricultural products are vulnerable to temperature, collisions and other conditions change. Establish an efficient logistics system of agricultural preservation, it helps to reduce the circulation in the process of loss and improve the income of peasants and to meet consumer demand for fresh agricultural products, Japan has gradually built up after the war a more mature logistics system of agricultural preservation.
Agricultural Union of the Central Wholesale Market in Japan is now the main distribution channels for agricultural products, accounting for about 60% of the total circulation. Agricultural producers are mainly small and medium farmers, the products are mostly general grade. The process is as follows: farmers after harvest products sent to farmers associations, agricultural co-processing and sorting to pre-cooled packaged by refrigerated trucks sent to the cities in large-scale wholesale markets. Products into the wholesale market for auction immediately, after they are sold through the refrigerated truck to the dealer or retailer of the cold storage, direct Baishangguitai. Retail stores and contract farmers ask direct-sales model of the total circulation of about 20%. Producers are mostly large-scale farmers, high-end products, special products more. Farmers harvest, through a simple sorting packaging, directly through the refrigerated trucks, cold storage, or sent to the retailer's first store. Online direct marketing, mail order and other direct sales outlets yuan or about 15% of the total flow of products to specialty class-based. Farmers directly receive consumer orders, by courier or post office system, a small refrigerator to the consumer. In addition, the rise of agricultural products in recent years, direct store distribution system, or about 5% of the total. Provide sales outlets by the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation space and information, and settlement systems and other infrastructure facilities, the farmers store their goods directly to the shop and make their own pricing. Outlets in the vicinity of origin, generally only simple packaging, do not use the cold chain system.
In order to maintain the freshness of agricultural products, need to form different products and flow characteristics of the harvest, transport, storage, logistics links the integrated use of various types of technology. (A) the cold chain system is the core of logistics technology, preservation of agricultural products, mainly involving pre-cooling, freezing refrigerated transportation and warehousing sectors insulation. 1. Precooling means immediately after the harvest of agricultural products for rapid cooling of their processing, treatment can be controlled by pre-cooling products, respiration and evaporation to prevent the organic acids, Victoria C, etc. to reduce nutrients, inhibit bacterial growth in order to achieve the maintenance of product color, anti-corrosion and to prevent overripe fruit and other fresh-keeping effect. The pre-cooling is more popular in Japan that the main mode are as follows: (1) forced ventilation pre-cooling: to pre-cooling bank chilling by cold air for cooling. Construction costs low, can be applied to wider variety of agricultural industries, but the cooling process more time-consuming, non-uniform cooling. (2) differential pressure ventilation pre-cooling: In the manufacture of pressure difference on both sides of the container, to instill air-conditioning inside the container. Construction costs in the forced ventilation between the pre-cooling and vacuum pre-cooling. Forced ventilation cooling rate faster than the pre-cooling, and the cooling effect of uniform, but some agricultural products so that method has been applied will be sent fade. When loading takes some time. 2. Frozen refrigerated transport is an important component of cold chain system, mainly involving insulation trucks, containers and incubator technology. Japan is now the majority of perishable agricultural products have been the vast majority of the use of heat insulation container transport trucks and some high-end agricultural products by air to shorten the circulation time. Such as the early morning harvest fish, high-grade fruits, the day will be able to appear in Tokyo department stores on the counter. (B) preservation, and packaging According to different product characteristics and circulation patterns, use of appropriate preservation, and packaging technologies. Of potatoes, onions and other non-perishable vegetables, etc. can take a simple packaging, through the air circulation inside the container can control the mildew and rot. And to maximize the size of the transport and improve transport efficiency, bringing the cost advantages of scale. Order online or mail order and other small-scale circulation of agricultural products, the use of foam packaging plus refrigerated cooling agent. Pairs of high-valued agricultural products can be taken to special packaging. Such as Japan in the cherry, peach, strawberry and other fruit on the packaging of easily bruised widespread use of buffering materials, and the use of special preservation tank to absorb the ethylene composition distribution of fruit and control fruit had cooked. In addition, with refrigerated transport, and sometimes need to use foam packaging, the package straight refrigerants. Used for multiple recycling of the transport containers can effectively improve the transportation efficiency, reduce transportation costs. Japan, the transport of agricultural products widely used standard-size folding transport case, a transportation overlay when placed after the discharge of folding up the transport do not take up space, and can be recycled many times. (C) fresh storage Frozen fresh storage warehouse is the foundation, in addition to a number of recent Refrigeration technology began with the promotion, the more popular two methods are as follows: Controlled atmosphere storage (controlled atmosphere, referred to as CA storage): the use of nitrogen or carbon dioxide to inhibit respiration in order to achieve fresh results. Dried Preserved: The natural drying or artificial drying, raw materials for food or food dehydration, so water does not result in reduced to the extent of food spoilage, so as to achieve the purpose of preservation.
Japanese government support for the circulation of agricultural products are mainly embodied in infrastructure building. Such as direct funding, improve the road transport network, the establishment of large-scale wholesale markets in various places, pre-cooling warehouses, cold storage, frozen storage and other facilities. Japan's initial investment in such facilities are often fully funded by the government, commissioned the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, after the completion of organization or public agency to maintain operations. Preservation of agricultural research funds to support logistics system is also an important aspect of government support. Japanese Government through the national budget to the state-owned Agricultural Research Institute providing project financial support to local governments also provide funding for local research institutions,
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